The act seeks to address judicial understaffing by authorizing the appointment of additional district judges to manage increasing case filings in U.S. district courts. Since no new permanent district court judgeships have been established since 2003, the bill proposes creating these positions to alleviate the growing backlog, which by 2023, included 686,797 pending cases. The act stipulates a phased appointment schedule from 2025 to 2035, incrementally adding judges to various districts nationwide. Additionally, it involves financial appropriations for implementing these changes and mandates comprehensive reports evaluating courthouse utilization and judicial caseloads to ensure efficiency.